Belle Li

Ph.D. candidate
Learning Design & Technology
Purdue University

Citations: 425 · h-index: 7 (Google Scholar, Oct 2025)

Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles

2025

  • Yang, M., Luo, T., Herman, K., Li, B., Jiang, S., & Kim, J. (In press). Examining non-traditional online learners’ ownership of learning in the context of ChatGPT-facilitated design. Journal of Computing in Higher Education.
  • Li, B., Zhang, Z., Lowell, V., Wang, C., & Bonk, C. J. (2025). Development and validation of the PA-SDA Scale: Measuring personal attributes in AI-integrated self-directed language learning. System, 133, 103793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2025.103793
  • Li, B., Tan, L. Y., Wang, C., & Lowell, V. (2025). Two years of innovation: A systematic review of empirical generative AI research in language learning and teaching. Computers & Education: Artificial Intelligence, 9, 100445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100445
  • Li, B., & Hikmatilla, U. (2025). Getting viral on social media: Exploring Chinese language EduTubers’ perceptions and practices. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 19, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2025.2505700
  • Yang, M., Jiang, S., Li, B., Herman, K., Luo, T., Moots, S. C., & Lovett, N. (2025). Analysing nontraditional students’ ChatGPT interaction, engagement, self-efficacy, and performance: A mixed-methods approach. British Journal of Educational Technology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13588
  • Aslan, S., Alyuz, N., Li, B., Durham, L. M., Shi, M., Sharma, S., & Nachman, L. (2025). An early investigation of collaborative problem solving in conversational AI-mediated learning environments. Computers & Education: Artificial Intelligence, 100, 100393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100393
  • Yan, W., Li, B., & Lowell, V. L. (2025). Integrating artificial intelligence and extended reality in language education: A systematic literature review (2017–2024). Education Sciences, 15(8), 1066. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15081066
  • Yang, M., Lovett, N., Li, B., & Hou, Z. (2025). Towards dynamic learner state: Orchestrating AI agents and workplace performance via the Model Context Protocol. Education Sciences, 15(8), 1004. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15081004
  • Lovett, N., Li, B., Yang, M., Herman, K., Sosonkina, M., Purwanto, W., Jiang, P., & Wu, M. H. (2025). Leveraging large language models to create learner personas for training design. Journal of Applied Instructional Design, 14(3). https://jaid.edtechbooks.org/jaid_14_3/fkuqikevdr
  • Li, X., Li, B., Li, J., & Cho, S.-J. (2025). Technology review of Magic School AI: An intelligent way for education inclusivity and teacher workload reduction. Education Sciences, 15(8), 963. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15080963

2024

  • Li, B., Lowell, V., Watson, C., & Wang, C. (2024). A systematic review of the first year of publications on ChatGPT and language education. Computers & Education: Artificial Intelligence, 100, 100266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100266
  • Li, B., Wang, C., Bonk, C. J., & Kou, X. (2024). Exploring inventions in self-directed language learning with generative AI: Implementations and perspectives of YouTube content creators. TechTrends. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-024-00960-3
  • Li, B., Bonk, C. J., Wang, C., & Kou, X. (2024). Reconceptualizing self-directed learning in the era of generative AI: An exploratory analysis of language learning. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 17(3), 1515–1529. https://doi.org/10.1109/TLT.2024.3386098

2023

  • Li, B., Bonk, C. J., & Kou, X. (2023). Exploring the multilingual applications of ChatGPT: Uncovering language learning affordances in YouTuber videos. International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Teaching, 13(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJCALLT.326135
  • Bao, Y., & Li, B. (2023). A preliminary study on graduate student instructors’ exploration, perception, and use of ChatGPT. International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Teaching, 13(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJCALLT.332873
  • Li, B., Kou, X., & Bonk, C. J. (2023). Embracing the disrupted language teaching and learning field: Analyzing YouTube content creation related to ChatGPT. Languages, 8, 197. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages8030197
  • Li, X., Li, B., & Cho, S. (2023). Empowering Chinese language learners from low-income families to improve their Chinese writing with ChatGPT’s assistance after school. Languages, 8, 238. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages8040238
  • Pawan, F., Li, B., Nijiati, S., Dopwell, B. M., Harris, A., & Iruoje, T. (2023). Culturally- and linguistically-responsive online teacher learning professional development. Online Learning, 27(4). https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v27i4.4003

Refereed Proceedings

  • Crum, S., Li, B., & Kou, X. (2024). Generative artificial intelligence and interactive learning platforms: Second language vocabulary acquisition. In C. Stephanidis et al. (Eds.), HCI International 2024 Posters (CCIS Vol. 2117). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-61953-3_6

Book Chapters

  • Li, B., & Lowell, V. L. (2024). Implementing design thinking: A mobile application for heritage Chinese learners to overcome challenges in learning Chinese characters. In M. Schmidt et al. (Eds.), Transdisciplinary Learning Experience Design. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-76293-2_12
  • Li, B., Ma, Y., & Lyu, X. (2023). Bring together native speakers around the world: A foreign language flagship program’s online experience during COVID. In R. Chen (Ed.), The Future of Remote and Hybrid Work in Global Higher Education. Palgrave Macmillan.

Book

  • Li, B., & Li, H. (2021). Techniques of Teaching English. Zhejiang University Press. (Print run: 1,000; adopted by Zhejiang Ocean University.)

Under Review & In Revision

  • Mao, Y., & Li, B. Choosing the future of learning: Assessing preferences for educational GPTs through a discrete choice experiment. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education.
  • Li, B., Mao, Y., Zhang, Y., Niu, W., & Qian, J. Coding their choices: Assessing student preferences for statistical software through a discrete choice experiment. Journal of Educational Computing Research.
  • Li, B., Zhang, Z., & Lowell, V. Pathways to proficiency: Mapping personal attributes in AI-integrated self-directed language learning. Language Learning & Technology.
  • Li, B., Exter, M., Tang, G., Xu, K., & Feng, W. A systematic review of language educators’ perspectives, practices, and professional development in the GenAI era. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education. (Major revision)
  • Ye, J., Yang, X., Li, B., Nong, W., & Wang, L. Factors associated with AI-assisted learning satisfaction and acceptance among vocational college students: An AIDUA model perspective. European Journal of Education.
  • Li, X., Cho, S., & Li, B. Impact of AI on language teaching pedagogy: A participatory action research study. In S. Wyatt (Ed.), Emerging Technologies in Second Language Teaching and Learning. Vernon Press. (Minor revision)
  • Li, B., & Lowell, V. AI-generation literacy. In L. McCallum & D. Tafazoli (Eds.), The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Computer-Assisted Language Learning. (Third-round revision)
  • Li, B., Lowell, V., & Hou, Z. Design precedents to design innovation: Developing an advanced AI monitoring system for writing assessment. Journal of Computing in Higher Education. (Proposal accepted)
  • Li, B., & Umida, H. Getting viral on social media: Exploring Chinese language EduTubers’ perceptions and practices. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching. (Second-round revision)
  • Yang, M., Jiang, S., Li, B., Herman, K., Luo, T., & Moots, C. S. Analysing non-traditional students’ ChatGPT interaction, engagement, self-efficacy, and performance: A mixed-methods approach. British Journal of Educational Technology. (Major revision)